Evaluation of the Alveolar Fossa Microenvironment for Enhancing Tooth Root Regeneration Using Stem Cells

Abstract

The microenvironment in the alveolar fossa possesses a fundamental significance in tooth root regeneration processes. The behavior of stem cells is directly affected by pH values together with oxygen levels alongside nutritional supplies and scaffolds or growth factors. Research used 47 participants to investigate how different conditions found in the alveolar fossa impact stem cell-based tooth root regeneration through statistical assessment of relevant microenvironmental influences. These factors require optimal adjustment to achieve better therapeutic results in dental tissue engineering. Under laboratory conditions, the cell cultures received different microenvironmental conditions that included three pH levels (6.5, 7.0, and 7.4) together with various oxygen levels and scaffold types. Research used paired t-test procedures to check pre- and post-intervention shifts with ANOVA and subsequent post hoc testing to distinguish between groups together with multiple linear regressions to evaluate collective variables' impact on regeneration results. Research assessed results through measurements of cellular proliferation alongside differentiation signs and tissue regrowth size. Significant differences in stem cell proliferation and differentiation were observed across microenvironmental conditions. Post hoc analysis identified hypoxic conditions combined with scaffold material A as the most conducive for regeneration. Multiple linear regressions indicated that pH and oxygen concentration were the most influential factors, contributing to 65% of the variability in regeneration outcomes. The alveolar fossa microenvironment significantly affects tooth root regeneration. Optimized conditions, particularly hypoxia and neutral pH, enhance stem cell-based regenerative outcomes. These findings offer insights into tailoring microenvironments for clinical applications in regenerative dentistry.