Adoption and Usage Patterns of Referencing Services Management Software Among Postgraduate Students: A Case Study of Selected Kenyan Universities

Authors

  • Fredrick Kayusi Department of Environmental Studies, Geography & Planning, Maasai Mara University, Narok-Kenya Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-4016
  • Moses Isutsa Shileche Library and Information Services Department, Pwani University Library, Kilifi, Kenya Author
  • Linety Juma Department of Curriculum, Instruction and Educational Technology, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya Author
  • Rashmi Mishra College of Economics and Business Administration, University of Technology and Applied Sciences- Al Musanna Author
  • Petros Chavula Africa Centre of Excellence for Climate-Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7153-8233
  • Rubén González Vallejo University of Malaga, Department of Spanish, Italian, Romance Philology, Theory of Literature and Comparative Literature. Malaga, Spain Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-6942

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56294/mw2024622

Keywords:

Academic libraries, Referencing Services, Adoption and usage patterns, Management software, Postgraduate students, Kenyan University Libraries

Abstract

Administration of referencing, referral services offered in university libraries across the world is a critical function in library services to its users. It impacts the way the face of the library is viewed in the eyes of the users. However, various studies show that this service is prone to numerous crisis during its provision that affect an efficient, effective, and user-friendly referencing services management system. The functions of the reference desk within the library revolve around providing a point of referral for help users seeking library services, a point of referral to other services, or to other materials within the library that cannot be accessed by the users, or to other physical spaces where library functions take place,and providing a contact point with the library. Libraries have traditionally offered in-person referencing and referral services to their users; the use of in-person referencing services has declined markedly while virtual referencing and referral services has increased,and referencing services have been integrated in library websites management systems where you see applications like Turnitin, Endote, Zotero, APA as well as AI prominently incorporated. This redefinition of referencing services has challenged librarians to identify the skills and competencies required by service staff to meet this need. Referencing services nowadays may involve much more than acting as a roving search engine. Successful referencing work requires librarians and information specialists to familiarize with a variety of databases and be comfortable with many diverse menus of technologies, as well as being familiar with good online referencing techniques. The purpose of this case study was to examine the adoption and usage of referencing services management software among postgraduate students in Kenyan universities. The study analyzed four predictors: Ease of Navigation, Institutional Resources, Training Impact, and Perceived Relevance. The study was qualitative, and the design used was multiple-case based, involving 205 postgraduate students in Kenyan universities who were purposively selected to participate in the study. Data were collected using focus group discussions, observation, and document analysis. The results revealed a strong model fit, with an R Square value of 0.770, indicating that the predictors explained 77% of the variance in adoption and productivity. Key findings highlighted the significant positive contributions of Ease of Navigation, Training Impact, and Perceived Relevance, while Institutional Resources showed no significant influence. The results underscore the importance of user-friendly design, skill development, and relevance to user needs in driving software adoption. Practical implications include the need for flexible, collaborative training programs and improvements in resource utilization. Suggestions for future research include exploring broader demographic factors and longitudinal studies. This case study can be utilized by all library users ranging from undergraduate to faculty level.

References

REFERENCES

1. Abdul Aziz R, Arif Z, Ramly R, Husaini H. The implications of library 2.0 tools in Malaysian academic libraries towards reference services. Asia Pacific Conference Library & Information Education & Practice. 2011: 579-588.

2. Agada P, Ojobo AE, Adarju AA, Gabriel A. Perceived Influence Of Computer Self-Efficacy On The Use Of Online Databases And Online Public Access Catalogue (Opac) For Academic Research By Postgraduate Students In Universities In Benue State, Nigeria. Nasarawa Journal Of Library And Information Science (NAJLIS). 2023; 7(1), 149-161.

3. Ali MY, Haider K. An analysis of digital reference services tools and usage in university libraries of Karachi. Pakistan Library & Information Science Journal. 2016; 47(1), 20-29.

4. Asy’ari M, Hunaepi H, Mirawati B, Armansyah A, Rahmawati H. Pelatihan Reference Managemenet Software (RMS) Zotero dalam pengelolaan Sumber Rujukan Penelitian. Sasambo: Jurnal Abdimas (Journal of Community Service). 2022; 4(3), 417-431.

5. Bahadori F, Abolfathi Momtaz Y, Mohammadi Shahboulaghi F, Zandieh Z. Evaluating the barriers to information and communication technology adoption among older adults in Iran. Educational Gerontology. 2024: 1-17.

6. Balaji BP, MS V, BG S, JS MR. Web 2.0 use in academic libraries of top ranked Asian universities. The Electronic Library. 2019; 37(3), 528-549.

7. Bilawar PB. Lockdown period and information sources. International Journal of Engineering Research and Management (IJERM). 2020; 7(6), 7-16.

8. Carrera-Rivera A, Ochoa W, Larrinaga F, Lasa G. How-to conduct a systematic literature review: A quick guide for computer science research. MethodsX. 2022; 9, 101895.

9. Cassell KA, Hiremath U. Reference and information services: An introduction: American Library Association; 2023.

10. Cheung M, Campbell JJ, Whitby L, Thomas RJ, Braybrook J, Petzing J. (2021). Current trends in flow cytometry automated data analysis software. Cytometry Part A. 2021; 99(10), 1007-1021.

11. Chitumbo EMM. Social media tools for academic library services. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention. 2015; 4(9):33-40.

12. Crellin J. Implications Of Cd‐Roms For Reference Services Inuniversity Libraries. Library management. 1992; 13(3), 20-28.

13. Edewor N. Awareness and Use of Online Journals among Postgraduate Students in Select Nigerian Universities. Journal of Library Administration. 2022; 62(7), 973-987.

14. Ekong EE, Ogunode KO. Influence Of The Use Of Library Resources And Services On Postgraduate Students Research In Two Nigerian Universities. Library Philosophy & Practice; 2022.

15. Evans AK. Electronic Reference Services: Mediation for the 1990s. The Reference Librarian. 1992; 17(37), 75-86.

16. Evans W. Building library 3.0: issues in creating a culture of participation: Elsevier; 2009.

17. Farid G, Iqbal S, Iftikhar S. Accessibility, usage, and behavioral intention of print books and ebooks by medical students. Library Philosophy and Practice. 2021: 1-25.

18. Goodman R, Swiggers P. John Vaughan (1756-1841) and the Linguistic Collection in the Library of the American Philosophical Society. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 1993; 138(2), 251-272.

19. Gotschall T. EndNote 20 desktop version. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA. 2021; 109(3): 520.

20. Gross RA. (1987). Reconstructing Early American Libraries: Concord, Massachusetts, 1795-1850. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society.

21. Guchacha JT. Leveraging cloud computing for enhanced academic library services in Kenya: Opportunities, challenges, and best practices. International Research Journal of Humanities and Interdisciplinary Studies (IRJHIS). 2023; 4(7): 93-99.

22. Isiaka AO, Soliu A, Aremu BA, Bamidele BA, Saba-Jibril S, Ibitoye AR. The evolving role of libraries in the fourth industrial revolution: navigating digital transformation. Library Philosophy and Practice. 2024; 1-26.

23. Izacard G, Caron M, Hosseini L, Riedel S, Bojanowski P, Joulin A, Grave E. Unsupervised dense information retrieval with contrastive learning. ArXiv preprint arXiv:2112.09118. 2021.

24. Kairigo S, Anduvare E. Effectiveness of reference management software in enhancing research quality in universities in Nairobi County, Kenya. In: 26th Standing Conference of Eastern, Central and Southern African Library and Information Associations (SCECSAL XXVI); 2024.

25. Kanetkar J. Development of Subject gateways: A status update. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology. 2014; 34(5).

26. Kapadiya MH, Kapadiya NK. User Privacy in Digital Libraries: Challenges, Implications and Strategies for Safeguarding Information. Indian Journal of Library Science Research & Information Technology. 2024; 1(2).

27. Karunarathna I, Hapuarachchi T, Ekanayake U, Gunathilake S. Research integrity and plagiarism: Best practices for ethical publishing. Uva-Clinical Research; 2024.

28. Kayode AI, Tella A, Akande SO. Ease-of-use and user-friendliness of cloud computing adoption for web-based services in academic libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria. Internet Reference Services Quarterly. 2020; 23(3-4):89-117.

29. Kelly MC. The “Write” Citation: Using Reference Management Software Reports for Collection Development. Journal of Library & Information Services in Distance Learning. 2021;15(3):219-222.

30. Kepha GN, Peterson MO, Kate LO. The Effect Of Corporate Information Technology Strategy On Service Delivery Of State Corporations In Kenya. African Journal of Business and Management (AJBUMA). 2023;8(1):188-206.

31. Kinoti D, Gichohi P, Gatimu W. (2023). Citation and Referencing as a Catalyst for Optimizing E-Resource Utilization: The Case of Graduate Students in Christian Universities in Nairobi County. 2023; 11.

32. Kirk DS. Driving Change. The International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion. 2018;2(3):121-128.

33. Kirriemuir J, Brickley D, Welsh S, Knight J, Hamilton M. Cross-searching subject gateways. D-Lib magazine. 1998;4(1).

34. Koech R, Kimile N. Rejuvenating Kenyan Academic Library Services in the post-COVID-19 era. 2023; KLISC Journal of Information Science & Knowledge Management, 1(1).

35. Kous K, Pušnik M, Heričko M, Polančič G. Usability evaluation of a library website with different end user groups. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science. 2020;52(1):75-90.

36. Liang TY. CD-ROM And The Reference Librarian. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 60-Supplement 23: AIDS-HIV Programs and Services in Libraries to User Interface Evaluation. 1997;44.

37. Lwehabura MJF, Matovelo DS. Convergence of libraries and computer centres for African universities: A strategy for enhancing information services. Information Technology for Development. 1999;8(4):221-229.

38. Maina PK, Muthee DW. Preparedness towards adoption of cloud computing technologies by academic libraries in Kenya. International Journal of Research in Library Science. 2020;6(1):200.

39. Makori EO. Sustainable information development practices and societal transformation in Kenya. International Journal of Library and Information Services (IJLIS). 2021;10(2):1-19.

40. Merande J, Mwai N, Ogalo J. Use of electronic resources by postgraduate users in Kenyan selected academic libraries. Journal of Information Sciences and Computing Technologies. 2021;10(1):1-12.

41. Mhokole EL, Kimaryo C. Usage of Reference Management Software by Postgraduate Students at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. University of Dar es Salaam Library Journal. 2022;17(2):188-203.

42. Mmadu G. Knowledge Management And New Technologies As Tool For Effective Service Delivery In Academic Libraries. Global Review of Library and Information Science (GRELIS). 2023; 19(2): 1-14.

43. Mogaka JM. Utilization Of Electronic Resources By Postgraduate Students In Selected Academic Libraries In Kisii County, Kenya. Kisii University [Dissertation]; 2024.

44. Motlhake TMJ, Bopape S. Factors That Influence Choice and Usage of Reference Management Software by Postgraduate Students at the University Of Limpopo, South Africa. Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies. 2021;39(2):1-18.

45. Mugo MM. Challenges Experienced By Graduate Students In The Search For Information In Academic Libraries: A Case Of Kenyatta University Post Modern Library, Kenya [Dissertation]; 2015.

46. Muriithi P, Horner D, Pemberton L. Factors contributing to adoption and use of information and communication technologies within research collaborations in Kenya. Information Technology for Development. 2016;22(sup1):84-100.

47. Murphy H, Tilley E. Libraries Supporting Transition: Developing a Pre-Arrival Open Educational Resource (OER) for Taught Master’s Students. New Review of Academic Librarianship. 2019;25(2-4):271-294.

48. Mwaniki V. Utilization Of Digital Information At The Kenya National Library Service, Nairobi County, Kenya. [Dissertation]; 2022.

49. Naibei P, Namande BW. Contribution of Information Literacy Programmes to the Academic and Research Purpose for Postgraduate Students at Kibabii University Library, Bungoma County, Kenya. [Dissertation]; 2021.

50. Ndumbaro F, Kassim M. The use of OPAC query logs to support evidence-informed information literacy (IL) training at The University of Dar es Salaam. Information Development. 2022;38(3):351-362.

51. Ng’ang’a JW. Analysis of Relationship between Information Services and Students’ Satisfaction at Kenya School of Law Library. KeMU; 2020.

52. Nitsos I, Malliari A, Chamouroudi R. Use of reference management software among postgraduate students in Greece. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science. 2022; 54(1):95-107.

53. Njoroge CN, Mutwiri, C. Perceptions of Postgraduate Students on Accessibility of Print and Electronic Information Resources at Mahatma Gandhi Library; 2022.

54. Nketsiah I, Imoro O, Barfi KA. Postgraduate students’ perception of plagiarism, awareness, and use of Turnitin text-matching software. Accountability in Research. 2024;31(7):786-802.

55. Nzioka D. A Proposed Framework for Digital Librarianship in Academic Libraries in Kenya. University of Nairobi [Dissertation]. 2021.

56. Ocholla D. Information ethics education in Africa. Where do we stand? The International Information & Library Review. 2009;41(2):79-88.

57. Ocran TK, Underwood PG, Arthur PA. Strategies for successful implementation of mobile phone library services. The Journal of Academic Librarianship. 2020;46(5):102174.

58. Okunlola AA. Utilization of library based electronic resources and services by postgraduates in Nigerian private universities. International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Educational Research. 2021;3(4):164-171.

59. Oseghale O. Digital information literacy skills and use of electronic resources by humanities graduate students at Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Digital Library Perspectives. 2023;39(2):181-204.

60. Ouda-Onyango P, Minishi-Majanja MK. Customer care services at Moi University library, Kenya. African Journal of Library, Archives & Information Science. 2020;30(1): 85-98.

61. Ouma CF. An exploration of challenges affecting the Adoption of Information and communication Technologies (ICTs) by Government libraries in Kenya; 2022.

62. Reese J. CD‐ROM technology in libraries: implications and considerations. The Electronic Library. 1990;8(1):26-35.

63. Sahoo DR, Sharma D. Social networking tools for library services. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology. 2015;2(3):702-714.

64. Singh R. Role of Libraries in Socio, Cultural & Economic Development: An Emerging Perspectives; 2021.

65. Soltani S, Nikou S. An assessment of academic library services: international and domestic students perspectives. Library management. 2020;41(8/9):631-653.

66. Srishaila S. Terminology in Building Subject Gateway. In: DRTC Workshop on Information Resource Management, Bangalore; 2002:1-14.

67. Tarus V, Namande BW, Maake B. Utilization of open access library resources by postgraduate students at Karatina University, Kenya. Open Access Library Journal. 2022;9(10):1-17.

68. Ternenge TS, Dorcas TN, Terwase AC. Perceived impact of online public access catalogue (OPAC) on effective retrieval of information resources by postgraduate students in Benue state university, makurdi. Journal La Edusci. 2020;1(6):25-36.

69. Tise ER, Bothma TJ. Libraries driving access to knowledge (A2K): De Gruyter Saur; 2012.

70. Titus L. Utilization of CD-ROM Reference Products by Reference Librarians in Public Libraries in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah; 1992.

71. Veronicah MM, Ronald B, Shem KS. Examining the Range, Extent of Adoption and Use of Digital Information by Public Libraries-A Case Study of Kenya National Library Service (KNLS) Community Branch, Nairobi County; 2022.

72. Vizcaya-Moreno MF, Pérez-Cañaveras RM. Social media used and teaching methods preferred by generation z students in the nursing clinical learning environment: A cross-sectional research study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(21):8267.

73. Vyhnanek L. Managing CD-ROM and electronic documents sources for Holland reference services: The Washington State University Libraries experience. The Reference Librarian. 1999;30(64):113-124.

74. Wani JA, Ganaie SA, Rehman IU. Mapping research output on library and information science research domain in South Africa: a bibliometric visualisation. Information Discovery and Delivery. 2023;51(2):194-212.

75. Waweru Ng'ang'a J, Odero D, Buigutt K. Application of library service charter in quality service delivery in university libraries. Library Philosophy and Practice. 2020:1-26.

76. Wojciechowska M. The age of librarians as a driver of change in social attitudes. Annals of Library and Information Studies. 2021;68(4).

77. Young JC, Lynch R, Boakye-Achampong S, Jowaisas C, Sam J. Public Libraries and Development across Sub-Saharan Africa: Overcoming a Problem of Perception. Libri. 2021;71(4):419-429.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-30

How to Cite

1.
Kayusi F, Shileche MI, Juma L, Mishra R, Chavula P, González Vallejo R. Adoption and Usage Patterns of Referencing Services Management Software Among Postgraduate Students: A Case Study of Selected Kenyan Universities. Seminars in Medical Writing and Education [Internet]. 2024 Dec. 30 [cited 2025 Jul. 5];3:622. Available from: https://mw.ageditor.ar/index.php/mw/article/view/622