From Puffs to Predictions: Leveraging AI, Wearables, and Biomolecular Signatures to Decode Smoking’s Multidimensional Impact on Cardiovascular Health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/mw2024.670Keywords:
Cardiovascular Health, Wearable Technology, Biomolecular Signatures, Smoking, Machine Learning, Proteomics, Epigenetics, Preventive Healthcare, Mendelian RandomizationAbstract
Tobacco smoking keeps to exert a profound effect on cardiovascular health, contributing to situations including arterial stiffness, hypertension, and microcirculatory disorder. Traditional studies strategies, often siloed into remoted domains like biomarker analysis or behavioral surveys, fail to seize the dynamic interplay between smoking behaviors and biological disruptions. This take a look at integrates AI-driven analytics, wearable sensor networks, and deep biomolecular profiling to map smoking’s multidimensional effects. By combining actual-time physiological statistics (e.g., PPG, HRV) with epigenetic and proteomic markers, the research objectives to are expecting individual cardiovascular risks and enable preemptive interventions. Results reveal the efficacy of ensemble models like Random Forest (AUC = zero.889) in taking pictures complex interactions among variables consisting of γ-GTP, waist circumference, and blood stress. The paintings highlight the capability of AI and wearables to convert reactive healthcare into personalized, preventive strategies.
References
1. Alqaraleh M, Al-Batah M, Salem Alzboon M, Alzaghoul E. Automated quantification of vesicoureteral reflux using machine learning with advancing diagnostic precision. Data Metadata. 2025;4:460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56294/dm2025460
2. Wahed MA, Alqaraleh M, Alzboon MS, Subhi Al-Batah M. AI Rx: Revolutionizing Healthcare Through Intelligence, Innovation, and Ethics. Semin Med Writ Educ [Internet]. 2025 Jan 1;4:35. Available from: https://mw.ageditor.ar/index.php/mw/article/view/35 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56294/mw202535
3. Wahed MA, Alqaraleh M, Alzboon MS, Al-Batah MS. Application of Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosing Tumors in the Female Reproductive System: A Systematic Review. Multidiscip. 2025;3:54.
4. Alqaraleh M, Salem Alzboon M, Subhi Al-Batah M. Real-Time UAV Recognition Through Advanced Machine Learning for Enhanced Military Surveillance. Gamification Augment Real [Internet]. 2025 Jan 1;3:63. Available from: https://gr.ageditor.ar/index.php/gr/article/view/63 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56294/gr202563
5. Alqaraleh M, Salem Alzboon M, Subhi Al-Batah M, Solayman Migdadi H. From Complexity to Clarity: Improving Microarray Classification with Correlation-Based Feature Selection. LatIA [Internet]. 2025 Jan 1;3:84. Available from: https://latia.ageditor.uy/index.php/latia/article/view/84 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62486/latia202584
6. Abdel Wahed M, Alqaraleh M, Salem Alzboon M, Subhi Al-Batah M. Application of Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosing Tumors in the Female Reproductive System: A Systematic Review. Multidiscip [Internet]. 2025 Jan 1;3:54. Available from: https://multidisciplinar.ageditor.uy/index.php/multidisciplinar/article/view/54 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62486/agmu202554
7. Wahed MA, Alqaraleh M, Salem Alzboon M, Subhi Al-Batah M. Evaluating AI and Machine Learning Models in Breast Cancer Detection: A Review of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Global Research Trends. LatIA [Internet]. 2025 Jan 1;3:117. Available from: https://latia.ageditor.uy/index.php/latia/article/view/117 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62486/latia2025117
8. Salem Alzboon M, Subhi Al-Batah M, Alqaraleh M, Alzboon F, Alzboon L. Guardians of the Web: Harnessing Machine Learning to Combat Phishing Attacks. Gamification Augment Real [Internet]. 2025 Jan;3:91. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/gr202591 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56294/gr202591
9. Alzboon MS, Subhi Al-Batah M, Alqaraleh M, Alzboon F, Alzboon L. Phishing Website Detection Using Machine Learning. Gamification Augment Real [Internet]. 2025 Jan 16;3:81. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/gr202581 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56294/gr202581
10. Alqaraleh M, Salem Alzboon M, Mohammad SA-B. Optimizing Resource Discovery in Grid Computing: A Hierarchical and Weighted Approach with Behavioral Modeling. LatIA [Internet]. 2025 Jan 1;3:97. Available from: https://latia.ageditor.uy/index.php/latia/article/view/97 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62486/latia202597
11. Wahed MA, Alzboon MS, Alqaraleh M, Al-Batah M, Bader AF, Wahed SA. Enhancing Diagnostic Precision in Pediatric Urology: Machine Learning Models for Automated Grading of Vesicoureteral Reflux. In: 2024 7th International Conference on Internet Applications, Protocols, and Services (NETAPPS) [Internet]. IEEE; 2024. p. 1–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netapps63333.2024.10823509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/NETAPPS63333.2024.10823509
12. Alqaraleh M. Enhanced Resource Discovery Algorithm for Efficient Grid Computing. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing, ICAAIC 2024. 2024. p. 925–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAAIC60222.2024.10575479
13. Alqaraleh M, Alzboon MS, Al-Batah MS. Skywatch: Advanced Machine Learning Techniques for Distinguishing UAVs from Birds in Airspace Security. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl [Internet]. 2024;15(11). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2024.01511104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2024.01511104
14. Abdel Wahed M, Al-Batah M, Salem Alzboon M, Fuad Bader A, Alqaraleh M. Technological Innovations in Autonomous Vehicles: A Focus on Sensor Fusion and Environmental Perception [Internet]. 2024 7th International Conference on Internet Applications, Protocols, and Services (NETAPPS). IEEE; 2024 Nov. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netapps63333.2024.10823624 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/NETAPPS63333.2024.10823624
15. Mowafaq SA, Alqaraleh M, Al-Batah MS. AI in the Sky: Developing Real-Time UAV Recognition Systems to Enhance Military Security. Data Metadata. 2024;3:417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56294/dm2024.417
16. Al-Batah MS, Alzboon MS, Alzyoud M, Al-Shanableh N. Enhancing Image Cryptography Performance with Block Left Rotation Operations. Appl Comput Intell Soft Comput. 2024;2024(1):3641927. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3641927
17. Abuashour A, Salem Alzboon M, Kamel Alqaraleh M, Abuashour A. Comparative Study of Classification Mechanisms of Machine Learning on Multiple Data Mining Tool Kits. Am J Biomed Sci Res 2024 [Internet]. 2024;22(1):1. Available from: www.biomedgrid.com
18. Wahed MA, Alzboon MS, Alqaraleh M, Halasa A, Al-Batah M, Bader AF. Comprehensive Assessment of Cybersecurity Measures: Evaluating Incident Response, AI Integration, and Emerging Threats. In: 2024 7th International Conference on Internet Applications, Protocols, and Services (NETAPPS) [Internet]. IEEE; 2024. p. 1–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netapps63333.2024.10823603 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/NETAPPS63333.2024.10823603
19. Muhyeeddin A, Mowafaq SA, Al-Batah MS, Mutaz AW. Advancing Medical Image Analysis: The Role of Adaptive Optimization Techniques in Enhancing COVID-19 Detection, Lung Infection, and Tumor Segmentation. LatIA [Internet]. 2024 Sep 29;2(74):74. Available from: https://latia.ageditor.uy/index.php/latia/article/view/74 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62486/latia202474
20. Alzboon MS, Al-Shorman HM, Alka’awneh SMN, Saatchi SG, Alqaraleh MKS, Samara EIM, et al. The Role of Perceived Trust in Embracing Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Insights from Jordan’s SME Sector. In: Studies in Computational Intelligence [Internet]. Springer Nature Switzerland; 2024. p. 1–15. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74220-0_1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74220-0_1
21. Alqaraleh M. Enhancing Internet-based Resource Discovery: The Efficacy of Distributed Quadtree Overlay. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing, ICAAIC 2024. 2024. p. 1619–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAAIC60222.2024.10575078
22. Al-Shanableh N, Alzyoud M, Al-Husban RY, Alshanableh NM, Al-Oun A, Al-Batah MS, et al. Advanced ensemble machine learning techniques for optimizing diabetes mellitus prognostication: A detailed examination of hospital data. Data Metadata. 2024;3:363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56294/dm2024.363
23. Alzboon MS, Alqaraleh M, Wahed MA, Alourani A, Bader AF, Al-Batah M. AI-Driven UAV Distinction: Leveraging Advanced Machine Learning. In: 2024 7th International Conference on Internet Applications, Protocols, and Services (NETAPPS) [Internet]. IEEE; 2024. p. 1–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netapps63333.2024.10823488 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/NETAPPS63333.2024.10823488
24. Al-Batah MS, Salem Alzboon M, Solayman Migdadi H, Alkhasawneh M, Alqaraleh M. Advanced Landslide Detection Using Machine Learning and Remote Sensing Data. Data Metadata [Internet]. 2024 Oct 7;1. Available from: https://dm.ageditor.ar/index.php/dm/article/view/419/782 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56294/dm2024.419
25. Wahed MA, Alzboon MS, Alqaraleh M, Ayman J, Al-Batah M, Bader AF. Automating Web Data Collection: Challenges, Solutions, and Python-Based Strategies for Effective Web Scraping. In: 2024 7th International Conference on Internet Applications, Protocols, and Services (NETAPPS) [Internet]. IEEE; 2024. p. 1–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netapps63333.2024.10823528 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/NETAPPS63333.2024.10823528
26. Alqaraleh M, Alzboon MS, Al-Batah MS, Wahed MA, Abuashour A, Alsmadi FH. Harnessing Machine Learning for Quantifying Vesicoureteral Reflux: A Promising Approach for Objective Assessment. Int J online Biomed Eng. 2024;20(11):123–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v20i11.49673
27. Al-Batah M, Salem Alzboon M, Alqaraleh M, Ahmad Alzaghoul F. Comparative Analysis of Advanced Data Mining Methods for Enhancing Medical Diagnosis and Prognosis. Data Metadata. 2024;3:465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56294/dm2024.465
28. Alzboon MS, Qawasmeh S, Alqaraleh M, Abuashour A, Bader AF, Al-Batah M. Pushing the Envelope: Investigating the Potential and Limitations of ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence in Advancing Computer Science Research. In: 2023 3rd International Conference on Emerging Smart Technologies and Applications, eSmarTA 2023. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/eSmarTA59349.2023.10293294
29. Alzboon MS, Qawasmeh S, Alqaraleh M, Abuashour A, Bader AF, Al-Batah M. Machine Learning Classification Algorithms for Accurate Breast Cancer Diagnosis. In: 2023 3rd International Conference on Emerging Smart Technologies and Applications, eSmarTA 2023. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/eSmarTA59349.2023.10293415
30. Alzboon MS, Bader AF, Abuashour A, Alqaraleh MK, Zaqaibeh B, Al-Batah M. The Two Sides of AI in Cybersecurity: Opportunities and Challenges. In: Proceedings of 2023 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Next Generation Networks, ICNGN 2023. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNGN59831.2023.10396670
31. Putri AK, Alzboon MS. Doctor Adam Talib’s Public Relations Strategy in Improving the Quality of Patient Service. Sinergi Int J Commun Sci. 2023;1(1):42–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61194/ijcs.v1i1.19
32. Qananwah Q, Khader A, Al-Hashem M, Mumani A, Dagamseh A. Investigating the impact of smoking habits through photoplethysmography analysis. Physiol Meas. 2024 Jan;45(1):15003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/ad1b10
33. Al-Batah MS, Alzboon MS, Alazaidah R. Intelligent Heart Disease Prediction System with Applications in Jordanian Hospitals. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl. 2023;14(9):508–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2023.0140954
34. Fedecostante M, Sabbatinelli J, Dell’Aquila G, Salvi F, Bonfigli AR, Volpato S, et al. Prediction of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in older patients using artificial intelligence: a multicenter study. Front Aging. 2024 Oct;5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2024.1473632
35. Alzboon MS, Al-Batah MS. Prostate Cancer Detection and Analysis using Advanced Machine Learning. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl. 2023;14(8):388–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2023.0140843
36. Alam A, Prybutok VR. Use of responsible artificial intelligence to predict health insurance claims in the USA using machine learning algorithms. Explor Digit Heal Technol. 2024;30–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/edht.2024.00009
37. Chua HL, Huong A. Deep Learning and Photoacoustic Technology for Microcirculation Classification: Comparison Between Smoking and Nonsmoking Groups. Glob Clin Eng J. 2024;6(3):37–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31354/globalce.v6i3.175
38. Ammar M, Javaid N, Alrajeh N, Shafiq M, Aslam M. A Novel Blending Approach for Smoking Status Prediction in Hidden Smokers to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. IEEE Access. 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3480310
39. Alzboon MS, Al-Batah M, Alqaraleh M, Abuashour A, Bader AF. A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Techniques for Early Prediction of Diabetes. In: 2023 IEEE 10th International Conference on Communications and Networking, ComNet 2023 - Proceedings. 2023. p. 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ComNet60156.2023.10366688
40. Trofimova O, Iuliani I, Bergmann S. Bidirectional genetic and phenotypic links between smoking and striatal iron content involving dopaminergic and inflammatory pathways. medRxiv. 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.26.24314454
41. Alzboon MS, Al-Batah MS, Alqaraleh M, Abuashour A, Bader AFH. Early Diagnosis of Diabetes: A Comparison of Machine Learning Methods. Int J online Biomed Eng. 2023;19(15):144–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v19i15.42417
42. Teixeira A, Páscoa R, Martins C, Rodrigues PP. Finding Groups in the Portuguese Population Through Lifestyle: A Cross-Sectional Study. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2024;316:1659–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI240742
43. Goyal P, Goyal GK, Yadav K, Bhatt A, Nassa K, Raushan SK, et al. Attributes of hypertension among industrial workers in Northern India - An alarming signal. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2024;13(1):330–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1158_23
44. Flores-Hernández MN, Martínez-Coria H, López-Valdés HE, Arteaga-Silva M, Arrieta-Cruz I, Gutiérrez-Juárez R. Efficacy of a High-Protein Diet to Lower Glycemic Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. Vol. 25, International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010959
45. Jantzen R, Camilleri-Broët S, Ezer N, Broët P. A Statistical Testing Strategy Accounting for Random and Nonrandom (Skewed) X-Chromosome Inactivation Identifies Lung Cancer Susceptibility Loci among Smokers. Hum Hered. 2024 Jun;89(1):71–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000539520
46. Alzboon MS, Al-Batah M, Alqaraleh M, Abuashour A, Bader AF. A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Techniques for Early Prediction of Prostate Cancer. In: 2023 IEEE 10th International Conference on Communications and Networking, ComNet 2023 - Proceedings. 2023. p. 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ComNet60156.2023.10366703
47. Alzboon MS. Survey on Patient Health Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things. Inf Sci Lett. 2022;11(4):1183–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18576/isl/110418
48. Alzboon M. Semantic Text Analysis on Social Networks and Data Processing: Review and Future Directions. Inf Sci Lett. 2022;11(5):1371–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18576/isl/110506
49. Alzboon MS, Aljarrah E, Alqaraleh M, Alomari SA. Nodexl Tool for Social Network Analysis. Turkish J Comput Math Educ. 2021;12(14):202–16.
50. Alomari SA, Alzboon MS, Al-Batah MS, Zaqaibeh B. A novel adaptive schema to facilitates playback switching technique for video delivery in dense LTE cellular heterogeneous network environments. Int J Electr Comput Eng [Internet]. 2020 Oct;10(5):5347. Available from: http://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/16563 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp5347-5367
51. Alomari SA, Alqaraleh M, Aljarrah E, Alzboon MS. Toward achieving self-resource discovery in distributed systems based on distributed quadtree. J Theor Appl Inf Technol. 2020;98(20):3088–99.
52. Alzboon MS, Mahmuddin M, Arif S. Resource discovery mechanisms in shared computing infrastructure: A survey. In: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2020. p. 545–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33582-3_51
53. Alomari SA, Salaimeh S Al, Jarrah E Al, Alzboon MS. Enhanced logistics information service systems performance: using theoretical model and cybernetics’ principles. WSEAS Trans Bus Econ [Internet]. 2020 Apr;17:278–87. Available from: https://wseas.com/journals/bae/2020/a585107-896.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2020.17.29
54. Banikhalaf M, Alomari SA, Alzboon MS. An advanced emergency warning message scheme based on vehicles speed and traffic densities. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl. 2019;10(5):201–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2019.0100526
55. Alzboon MS. Internet of things between reality or a wishing - list : a survey. Int J Eng & Technol. 2019;7(June):956–61.
56. Shawawreh S, Alomari SA, Alzboon MS, Al Salaimeh S. Evaluation of knowledge quality in the E -learning system. Int J Eng Res Technol. 2019;12(4):548–53.
57. Al Tal S, Al Salaimeh S, Ali Alomari S, Alqaraleh M. The modern hosting computing systems for small and medium businesses. Acad Entrep J. 2019;25(4):1–7.
58. Alomari, Alzboon, Zaqaibeh, Al-Batah, Saleh Ali, Mowafaq Salem, Belal MS. An Effective Self-Adaptive Policy for Optimal Video Quality over Heterogeneous Mobile Devices and Network Discovery Services. Appl Math Inf Sci [Internet]. 2019 May;13(3):489–505. Available from: http://www.naturalspublishing.com/Article.asp?ArtcID=19739 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18576/amis/130322
59. Al-Batah M, Zaqaibeh B, Alomari SA, Alzboon MS. Gene Microarray Cancer classification using correlation based feature selection algorithm and rules classifiers. Int J online Biomed Eng. 2019;15(8):62–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v15i08.10617
60. Alzboon MS, Alomari S, Al-Batah MS, Alomari SA, Banikhalaf M. The characteristics of the green internet of things and big data in building safer, smarter, and sustainable cities Vehicle Detection and Tracking for Aerial Surveillance Videos View project Evaluation of Knowledge Quality in the E-Learning System View pr [Internet]. Vol. 6, Article in International Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2017. p. 83–92. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333808921
61. Mahmuddin M, Alzboon MS, Arif S. Dynamic network topology for resource discovery in shared computing infrastructure. Adv Sci Lett. 2017;23(6):5402–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.7385
62. Arif S, Alzboon MS, Mahmuddin M. Distributed quadtree overlay for resource discovery in shared computing infrastructure. Adv Sci Lett. 2017;23(6):5397–401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.7384
63. Alzboon MS, Arif AS, Mahmuddin M. Towards self-resource discovery and selection models in grid computing. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci. 2016;11(10):6269–74.
64. Mowafaq Salem Alzboon M. Mahmuddin ASCA. Challenges and Mitigation Techniques of Grid Resource Management System. In: National Workshop on FUTURE INTERNET RESEARCH (FIRES2016). 2016. p. 1–6.
65. SalemAlzboon, Mowafaq and Arif, Suki and Mahmuddin, M and Dakkak O. Peer to Peer Resource Discovery Mechanisms in Grid Computing : A Critical Review. In: The 4th International Conference on Internet Applications, Protocols and Services (NETAPPS2015). 2015. p. 48–54.
66. Alzboon MS, Sintok UUM, Sintok UUM, Arif S. Towards Self-Organizing Infrastructure : A New Architecture for Autonomic Green Cloud Data Centers. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci. 2015;1–7.
67. Al-Oqily I, Alzboon M, Al-Shemery H, Alsarhan A. Towards autonomic overlay self-load balancing. In: 2013 10th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, SSD 2013. Ieee; 2013. p. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/SSD.2013.6564018
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhyeeddin Alqaraleh, Mohammad Subhi Al-Batah, Mowafaq Salem Alzboon, Faisal Alzboon, Lujin Alzboon, Mohammad Nayef Alamoush (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.