Assessing Nurse Educator Competencies: Key Skills and Insight Cultural Competence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/mw2025280Keywords:
Nurse Educator, Competencies, Critical Thinking, Communication, Professionalism, Cultural CompetenceAbstract
Introduction: this study addresses the critical need for standardized assessment tools to evaluate the
competencies of nurse educators in Indonesia. Understanding the key skills required and the influence of
cultural competence on nursing education is essential for improving educational outcomes and healthcare
delivery. Previous research highlights the continuous professional development, and cultural competence in
enhancing the capabilities of nurse educators.
Objective: identify and analyze the competencies of nurse educators in Indonesia, focusing on critical
thinking and problem-solving, communication, professionalism, and cultural competence.
Method: a total of 626 nurse educators from various educational institutions across Indonesia participated in
this study. Data were collected through surveys assessing their competencies in critical thinking and problem
solving, communication, professionalism, and cultural competence. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and
ANOVA, were used to examine differences in competencies based on demographic and institutional variables.
Results: the findings reveal significant gender differences in professionalism, with female educators scoring
lower on average compared to their male counterparts (p=0,009). Higher education levels, particularly
doctorate degrees, are associated with increased competencies across all areas. Participation in training and
development programs significantly improves competency scores (p<0,05).
Conclusions: the study underscores the critical role of cultural competence in nursing education and
recommends integrating comprehensive cultural competence training into professional development
programs. Enhancing nurse educators’ competencies through targeted educational and professional
development initiatives can improve the quality of nursing education and healthcare. Future research should
include longitudinal studies and objective measures to provide a more accurate assessment of competencies
and their development.
References
1. Osmancevic S, Großschädl F, Lohrmann C. Cultural competence among nursing students and nurses
working in acute care settings: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research. 2023;23(1). doi:10.1186/
s12913-023-09103-5
2. Farokhzadian J, Nematollahi M, Nayeri ND, Faramarzpour M. Using a model to design, implement, and
evaluate a training program for improving cultural competence among undergraduate nursing students: a mixed
methods study. BMC Nursing. 2022;21(1). doi:10.1186/s12912-022-00849-7
3. Cai D, He W, Klug D. Cultural competence among nurses and its influencing factors: a cross-sectional
study. Nursing & Health Sciences. 2021;23(2):411-418. doi:10.1111/NHS.12821
4. Johnston JH, McKenna L, Malik G, Reisenhofer S. Recognizing and Adapting to Cultural Differences:
Influence of International Educational Programs on Future Nursing and Midwifery Practice. Journal of Transcultural
Nursing. Published online 2023:10436596231198276-10436596231198276. doi:10.1177/10436596231198276
5. Guo J, Zhong Q, Tang Y, et al. Cultural adaptation, the 3-month efficacy of visual art training on
observational and diagnostic skills among nursing students, and satisfaction among students and staff- a mixed
method study. BMC Nursing. 2021;20(1):1-11. doi:10.1186/S12912-021-00646-8
6. Mukhalalati B, Ahmed A, Elshami S, Awaisu A. Cultural Competence among Healthcare Professional
Educators: A Mixed-Methods Study. Sustainability. Published online 2023. doi:10.3390/su151813793
7. An H, Jin JH, Kim T. Factors Affecting Cultural Competence in a Sample of Nursing Students during
the Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic in Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(22):15181. doi:10.3390/ijerph192215181
8. Yoo JH, Kim HJ, Cheon EY. A Study on the Relationship between Cultural Competence, Professional
Self-Concept and Clinical Competency in Nursing Students A Study on the Relationship between Cultural
Competence, Professional Self-Concept and Clinical Competency in Nursing Students. Han’gug hag’gyo bo’geon
gyoyug haghoeji. 2023;24(2):27-38. doi:10.35133/kssche.20230531.03
9. Racine L. International clinical experiences may increase cultural competency and support nurses’
personal and professional development. Evidence-Based Nursing. Published online 2023:ebnurs-103690.
doi:10.1136/ebnurs-2022-103690
10. Zarzycka D, Chrzan-Rodak A, Bąk J, Niedorys-Karczmarczyk B, Ślusarska B. Nurse Cultural Competence
cultural adaptation and validation of the Polish version of the Nurse Cultural Competence Scale and preliminary
research results. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(10). doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0240884
11. Efendi F, Haryanto J, Indarwati R, et al. Going global: Insights of indonesian policymakers on international
migration of nurses. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. 2021;14:3285-3293. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S327962
12. Haryanto J, Efendi F, Indarwati R, et al. Indonesian Nurses’ Journey in Passing the Japan National Nursing
Licensure Examination. JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY HEALTHCARE. 2022;15:2903-2912. doi:10.2147/JMDH.
S385296
13. Efendi F, Aurizki GE, Auwalin I, et al. The Paradox of Surplus and Shortage: A Policy Analysis of Nursing
Labor Markets in Indonesia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. 2022;15(March):627-639. doi:10.2147/
JMDH.S354400
14. Guinchard B. Commentary: Comparison of managerial competence of Indonesian first-line nurse managers:
A two-generational analysis: Journal of Research in Nursing. 2020;25(1):20-21. doi:10.1177/1744987119889164
15. Sommers CL, Houghty GS, Purbojo R, Bernarto I. Factors influencing nursing students’ continued success
in a baccalaureate nursing program in Indonesia. Belitung nursing journal. 2022;8(4):340-348. doi:10.33546/
bnj.2160
16. Elonen I, Kajander-Unkuri S, Cassar M, et al. Nurse educator competence in four European countries-A
comparative cross-sectional study. Nursing open. Published online 2023. doi:10.1002/nop2.2033
17. Wijaya D, Asmaningrum N, Nur KRM, Sitanggang MH, Herawati YT. Determinants of Nurse Professional
Behavior: A cross-Sectional Study of Nurses at Public Health Centers in Indonesia. Babali Nursing Research.
2023;4(1):170-184. doi:10.37363/bnr.2023.41212
18. Tappy YP. Indonesian nurses cultural competence: the development and pilot testing of instrument.
Klabat Journal of Nursing. Published online 2024. doi:10.37771/kjn.v6i1.1072
19. Hamid AYS, Permatasari H, Hargiana G, Rahmadiyah DC, Putri AF. Socio-cultural factors influencing
Indonesian nurses to stay working in Indonesia: A qualitative study. International Nursing Review. Published
online 2023. doi:10.1111/inr.12846
20. Efendi F, Chen CM, Kurniati A, Nursalam, Yusuf A. The Situational Analysis Of Nursing Education and
Workforce In Indonesia. 2018;9(4):20-29.
21. Hadi M, Hamid AYS, Kamso S, et al. The Improvement of Student Competency in a Clinical Study in
Indonesia: What Factors Played An Important Role? Jurnal Ners. 2017;12(2):151-157. doi:10.20473/JN.V12I2.5813
22. Kurdi F, Nahariani P, Priyanti RP. Komponen evaluasi lingkungan belajar klinik, supervisi dan dosen
perawat. Journal of Health Science. 2018;11(1). doi:10.33086/JHS.V11I1.120
23. Susanto T, Bachtiar S, Turwantoko T. Performance of Public Health Nurses and Coverage of the Nursing Care Program by Community Health Centers in Jember, Indonesia. International Journal of Community Based
Nursing and Midwifery. 2019;7(2):161-168. doi:10.30476/IJCBNM.2019.44887
24. Runtu AR, Oentoe FJA, Sumual H, Podung BJ. The Influence of Lecturer Service Quality, Family Support,
Facilities and Infrastructure Availability, and Student Learning Motivation on Indonesian Nurse Competency Test
Results. Journal of Social Science. 2022;3(1):8-14. doi:10.46799/jss.v3i1.277
25. Ginting HA, Efendy I, Nur’aini N. Factors Affecting Nurse Performance at Service Technical Implementation
Unit Teluk Dalam Public Health Center, South Nias Regency. Journal La Medihealtico. 2022;3(5):449-458.
doi:10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v3i5.739
26. Kellerer JD, Rohringer M, Deufert D. Factors influencing nursing competence of registered nurses in the
European Union: A scoping review. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2022;13(1):6. doi:10.5430/jnep.
v13n1p6
27. Wardani E, Ryan T. Barriers to nurse leadership in an Indonesian hospital setting. Journal of Nursing
Management. 2019;27(3):671-678. doi:10.1111/JONM.12728
28. Hidayat AAA, Uliyah M. Analysis of Nursing Education Excellence in Indonesia Using Baldrige Criteria.
Creative Nursing. 2019;25(4):275-283. doi:10.1891/1078-4535.25.4.275
29. Fibriansari RD, Astuti A, Abidin Z. Nursing student perspectives on clinical instructor performance.
Healthcare in low-resource settings. Published online 2023. doi:10.4081/hls.2023.11758
30. Khairani L, Oumtanee A. Predicting Factors of Professional Behavior of Indonesian Nurses, West Java
Province, Indonesia. Journal of Health Research. 2017;31(5):337-345.
31. Firdaus A, Efendi F, Hadisuyatmana S, Aurizki GE, Abdullah KL. Factors influencing the intention
of Indonesian nursing students to work in rural areas. Family Medicine and Community Health. 2019;7(3).
doi:10.1136/FMCH-2019-000144
32. Kim J. A Conceptual Analysis of Nurses’ Cultural Competence in Care of Foreign Inpatients. Health &
Nursing (Online). 2022;34(1):37-43. doi:10.29402/hn34.1.5
33. Shahraki SK, Fatehi F, Farokhzadian J. A virtual training program for improving cultural competence
among academic nurse educators. BMC Medical Education. 2023;23(1). doi:10.1186/s12909-023-04414-x
34. Gradellini C, Gómez-Cantarino S, Domínguez-Isabel P, Molina-Gallego B, Mecugni D, Ugarte-Gurrutxaga
MI. Cultural Competence and Cultural Sensitivity Education in University Nursing Courses. A Scoping Review.
Frontiers in Psychology. 2021;12:682920. doi:10.3389/FPSYG.2021.682920
35. Jeznach A. Why do nursing staff need a cultural knowledge? Вісник медичних і біологічних досліджень.
2022;(4):77-82. doi:10.11603/bmbr.2706-6290.2021.4.12761
36. Markey K. Nurturing cultural awareness needs to be explicitly addressed in undergraduate nurse
curricula. Evidence-Based Nursing. 2020;23(4):117. doi:10.1136/EBNURS-2019-103202
37. Abrams MP, Chalise S, Peralta H, Simms-Cendan J. Social, Demographic, Spanish Language, and
Experiential Factors Influencing Nursing Students’ Cultural Competence. Journal of Nursing Education.
2021;60(1):29-33. doi:10.3928/01484834-20201217-07
38. Crow K. Multiculturalism and Pluralistic Thought in Nursing Education: Native American World View and
the Nursing Academic World View. Journal of Nursing Education. 1993;32(5):198-204. doi:10.3928/0148-4834
19930501-04
39. Rooda LA. Knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward culturally different patients: implications for
nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education. 1993;32(5):209-213. doi:10.3928/0148-4834-19930501-06
40. Kaihlanen A, Hietapakka L, Heponiemi T. Increasing cultural awareness: qualitative study of nurses’
perceptions about cultural competence training. BMC Nursing. 2019;18(1):1-9. doi:10.1186/S12912-019-0363-X
41. Botelho MJ, Lima CA. From Cultural Competence to Cultural Respect: A Critical Review of Six Models.
Journal of Nursing Education. 2020;59(6):311-318. doi:10.3928/01484834-20200520-03
42. Gergely SW. Cultural Competency Matters: Calling for a Deeper Understanding of Healthcare
Disparities Among Nurse Leaders. Journal of Nursing Administration. 2018;48(10):474-477. doi:10.1097/
NNA.0000000000000654
43. Lockhart JS, Resick LK. Teaching cultural competence. The value of experiential learning and community
resources. Nurse Educator. 1997;22(3):27-31. doi:10.1097/00006223-199705000-00014
44. Henkle JO, Kennedy SM. Cultural diversity: a resource in planning and implementing nursing care.
Public Health Nursing. 1990;7(3):145-149. doi:10.1111/J.1525-1446.1990.TB00627.X
45. Campinha-Bacote J. The Quest for Cultural Competence in Nursing Care. Nursing Forum. 1995;30(4):19
25. doi:10.1111/J.1744-6198.1995.TB00483.X
46. Sommers CL, Bonnel W. Nurse Educators’ Perspectives on Implementing Culturally Sensitive and Inclusive
Nursing Education. Journal of Nursing Education. 2020;59(3):126-132. doi:10.3928/01484834-20200220-02
47. Yates VM, Asgarpour H, Lotfi M. Cultural competence of nursing educators at medical universities of 2nd
regional planning in Iran. BMC Medical Education. 2023;23(1). doi:10.1186/s12909-023-04274-5
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hilmi Yumni, Hepta Nur Anugrahini, Tiana Rachmadita, Sri Wahyuni, Budi Susatia (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.